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The Journal of Finance and Economics Research (JFER) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of research integrity and publication ethics. The journal follows the principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), including its Core Practices and Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing.
Editors are responsible for ensuring that all manuscripts are evaluated fairly, independently, and solely on the basis of their academic quality, originality, relevance, and contribution to the journal's scope. Editorial decisions must not be influenced by the authors' nationality, gender, institutional affiliation, religious or political beliefs, or other personal characteristics.
Editors must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts, avoid conflicts of interest, safeguard the integrity of the peer-review process, and take appropriate action when ethical concerns or allegations of misconduct are raised.
Authors must ensure that their submissions:
Authors must cooperate with the editorial office in addressing any ethical concerns, corrections, or requests for supporting information.
Authorship should be limited to a maximum of three individuals who have made substantial contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of the research and who accept responsibility for the submitted work.
Guest, gift, honorary, and ghost authorship are not permitted. Any requested change to the authorship list must be supported by a written explanation and the consent of all concerned authors. Authorship disputes may be referred to the relevant institution in accordance with COPE guidance.
Authors must not submit the same manuscript, or substantially similar work, to more than one journal at the same time. Previously published material must be clearly identified and properly referenced.
Where a manuscript is based on a thesis, conference paper, working paper, or preprint, the authors must disclose this information at the time of submission and clarify the extent of any overlap.
Reviewers are expected to:
Reviewers must not contact authors directly or involve another individual in the review without prior permission from the journal. These requirements are consistent with COPE's Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers.
Authors, editors, and reviewers must disclose any relationships or interests that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, the research, review process, or editorial decision.
Competing interests may be financial, institutional, professional, personal, intellectual, political, or religious. Disclosure of a competing interest does not automatically prevent publication; however, transparency is required to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.
Research involving human participants, confidential records, organizations, or sensitive personal data must comply with applicable institutional, national, and international ethical requirements.
Where required, authors must provide:
The name of the approving institutional review board or ethics committee.
The approval or reference number.
Confirmation that informed consent was obtained.
Evidence that confidentiality, anonymity, and data protection requirements were observed.
Research involving organizations, employees, customers, or proprietary datasets must also be supported by appropriate authorization where necessary.
Authors are responsible for the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of the data reported in their manuscripts. Fabrication, falsification, selective reporting, and misleading manipulation of data, tables, figures, or statistical results constitute serious misconduct.
The journal may request authors to provide datasets, questionnaires, statistical outputs, ethical approvals, or other supporting documentation when necessary to verify the integrity of the research.
Authors must disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted tools in the preparation of a manuscript where such tools have materially contributed to the text, analysis, coding, images, or other content.
AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy, originality, integrity, or accountability of the work. Authors remain fully responsible for all submitted content, including material produced or revised with AI assistance.
JFER takes all allegations of research, authorship, review, and publication misconduct seriously. Concerns will be examined fairly, confidentially, and in accordance with relevant COPE guidance and flowcharts.
Where necessary, the journal may request an explanation or supporting documentation from the parties involved and may contact the relevant institution, ethics committee, or other competent authority. The journal will avoid making unsupported allegations and will provide concerned parties with a reasonable opportunity to respond. COPE recommends that journals establish clear mechanisms for receiving and addressing allegations of misconduct.
JFER is committed to preserving the accuracy and integrity of the published record.
A correction may be issued when an error affects part of an article but does not invalidate its principal findings. An expression of concern may be published where serious concerns exist but the available evidence is inconclusive or an investigation remains pending. A retraction may be issued where findings are unreliable because of major error, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, unethical research, duplicate publication, or other serious breaches.
All notices will clearly identify the affected article, state the reason for the action, remain freely accessible, and be appropriately linked to the published record in accordance with COPE guidance.
Authors, reviewers, readers, and other stakeholders may submit complaints regarding editorial procedures, peer review, conflicts of interest, ethical concerns, or published content.
Authors may appeal an editorial decision by providing a clear and evidence-based explanation. Appeals will be reviewed objectively and, where appropriate, by an editor who was not directly involved in the original decision. Appeals based solely on disagreement with reviewers' academic opinions may not result in reconsideration unless a material error or procedural concern is demonstrated.
All submitted manuscripts, reviewer reports, editorial correspondence, and ethical investigations will be treated as confidential. Information obtained through the submission or peer-review process must not be disclosed or used for personal advantage without appropriate authorization.
Confidentiality may be limited where disclosure is required to investigate suspected misconduct or comply with a legal, regulatory, or institutional obligation.
All manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Finance and Economics Research (JFER) are screened for originality using iThenticate before entering the peer-review process. The journal may repeat the originality check after revision and before final publication.
JFER considers plagiarism to include, but not be limited to:.
The acceptable overall similarity index is below 19%, with similarity from any single source remaining below 5%. However, similarity percentages are not treated as automatic evidence of plagiarism. The editorial team evaluates the nature, source, distribution, and context of the matched material. Properly cited quotations, references, standard methodological descriptions, institutional names, and commonly used technical expressions may be considered during this assessment.
Authors must not attempt to reduce the similarity score through artificial paraphrasing, hidden text, image-based text, character substitution, or any other method intended to evade originality screening. Such practices may be treated as academic misconduct.
The acceptable AI-generated content indicator is below 20%. Authors must disclose any material use of generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted tools in preparing, editing, analysing, coding, translating, or presenting the manuscript.
An AI-detection score will not be used as the sole basis for an editorial decision. Where substantial AI-generated content is indicated, the manuscript will be examined by the editorial team to assess authorship responsibility, originality, accuracy, proper disclosure, and compliance with the journal's ethical requirements. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity, originality, citations, and conclusions of all submitted content.
AI tools must not:
Be listed as authors.
Generate or fabricate data, references, findings, or quotations.
Replace the authors' intellectual contribution or critical analysis.
Be used to conceal plagiarism or duplicate publication.
Manuscripts exceeding the approved similarity or AI-content thresholds may be returned to the authors for clarification or revision, rejected before peer review, or withdrawn from the publication process. Serious or deliberate violations may result in notification to the authors' institution.
Where plagiarism, fabricated content, undisclosed duplicate publication, or inappropriate AI use is identified after publication, JFER may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction in accordance with its ethical policy and relevant COPE guidance.