A decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is a nonlinear equalizer which utilizes the previous detector assessment to mitigate the intersymbol interference (ISI) on received symbols. Alternatively, we can say that the distortion on the current symbol that was caused by previous symbols is eliminated. While linear equalizer (LE) can be employed on the channels where the ISI is not significantly present but in case when there is a severe ISI channel then DFE's have been effectively used to mitigate ISI. Different techniques have been proposed to improve the decision feedback equalization performance. In this paper we have reviewed some of the [...]

A new method is introduced for the identification of the nonlinear multi input multi output (MIMO) Wiener Model, comprising of linear dynamics in cascade with static nonlinearities. The static nonlinearities are modeled by Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) and the linear part is modeled by MIMO autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. The new algorithm makes use of the well known mapping ability of RBFNN. The learning algorithm is an extension of SISO identification scheme presented in [1] . The proposed algorithm estimates the weights of the RBFNN and the coefficients of ARMA model based on least mean squares (LMS) principle [...]

Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a recently introduced learning algorithm for single hiddenlayer feedforward neural network. Compared with classical learning algorithms in neural network, e.g. Back Propagation, ELM can achieve better performance with much shorter learning time. In the existing literature, its better performance and comparison with Support Vector Machine (SVM), over regression and general classification problems catch the attention of many researchers. In this paper, the comparison between ELM and SVM over a particular area of classification, i.e. gasoline classification for arson and oil spill investigation, is conducted. Detection and correct identification of gasoline types during arson [...]

The basic motivation behind the choice of ultra wide band based antennas in wireless communication systems is there expedient feeding structure, wide bandwidth along with uncomplicated structure and low cost. Ultra Wideband wireless communication systems are not only serving in enabling applications like wireless monitors, wireless printers and efficient transfer of data from digital electronic devices but this standard is also finding its application in transfer of files among handheld devices such as personal digital assistants and especially for the mobile handsets. With every passing day handheld devices are miniaturizing which has given rise to the need of development of [...]

One of the goals of modern geodesy is the global unification of vertical datums so that height data from them can be properly integrated. Well established vertical geodetic framework, apart from being the backbone of any national surveying and mapping system, also enhances the reliability of elevation data used in spatial information systems for preserving the environment and enhancing sustainable development. The GNSS technology is a three dimensional positioning tool and GNSS heighting can be viewed as a viable alternative to other more conventional forms of height measurement. Nowadays the time of GNSS static baseline determination is almost out-of-date for [...]

In this paper, an efficient scheme has been proposed to model, detect and classify the fault. The modeling of fault has been proposed with the fuzzy logic using membership function. Fault detection of the unprecedented changes in system reliability and find the failed component state by classifying the faults is proposed using kalman filter and hybrid neurofuzzy computing techniques respectively. A fault is detected whenever the moving average of the Kalman filter residual exceeds a threshold value. The fault classification has been made effective by implementing a hybrid genetic neuro-fuzzy Inference system (GANFIS). By doing so, the critical information about [...]

The study is focused on transmitting GPS observed data via the internet for near real-time post-processing solution. It exploits possible and available technology in integrating the basic concept of real-time GPS survey and post-processing technique to achieve a near real-time post-processing result. This was achieved by exploring the internet as a means of communication and transmission of GPS data for a near realtime post- processing solution. The base and rover stations were equipped with wireless mobile internet modems and portable mobile computer systems to provide the internet accessibility required for online transfer of downloaded observed GPS data in near real [...]

In this work, analysis of the multiple access interference (MAI) for synchronous CDMA systems is carried out for the BPSK modulation with random signature sequences in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment. In this analysis, downlink scenario is considered for two different cases: (1) with perfect power control, and (2) with imperfect power control. Expressions for the probability density function (pdf) of MAI and MAI plus noise are derived for the two cases as a function of number of users and spreading factor. Gaussian approximation is also developed for these scenarios. Close agreement between analytical analysis and simulation results is [...]

In this paper, optimization techniques used in the chemical processes are explored. Chemical processes comprise of several multi-variable, non-linear and constrained blocks. The overall system performance depends on operating each block optimally. So every element has to be optimized in order to get an overall best possible outcome. This makes the choice of a good optimization algorithm very crucial. This survey includes the study of research done and implemented in the industry, perusing the variety of the optimization technique adopted, the details of the optimization algorithm, its advantages and shortcomings. [...]

The invention of computer and the Internet has provided a new channel for establishing inter personnel communication, and attracting clients for optimizing business for organizations. As the number of web users increases day-by-day, web based commerce is booming. But before going to design a website, the organizations must consider several attributes (specially the cultural aspects) of their target customers. What design elements can be used to attract them, what can hurt someone’s feelings, how different colors are interpreted in a particular region and how the people are inclined towards their cultural values etc? This difficulty arises due to the cultural [...]