The excessive growth of internet traffic and broadband services has initiated the requirement for a bandwidth flexible network making services more capable of elasticity. The issue of network management can be brought to simplification with the emergence of Software Defined Networks (SDN) through the introduction of a programmable network. The major problems such as scalability and availability has been addressed which may lead to a cause of failure in load balancing. In order to ensure dynamic load balancing within a SDN, the technique of IP load balancing and provision of a congestion free network has been employed through comparison between [...]

Classification of human emotion using EEG signal is an interesting research topic for many. In this paper a detailed study of classification efficiency of different machine learning algorithms using EEG signal was done. The study make use of DEAP data set. The Valance, Arousal and Dominance values reported in DEAP data set were ranked on Mehrabian 3D emotion classification model to produce 8 emotions. k-mean was used to reduce number of observations in original data set and 3, 10 and 40 centroids were calculated for EEG data. 11 different combinations of emotions were tested using 20 different variations of Decision [...]

An extensive growth in EEG based systems have been observed in the recent decade. This includes treatment and support of mentally challenged persons, gaming, marketing, development of brain controlled devices etc. The performance of all these applications are primarily based on precise classification of human emotions. In this paper, an effective fractional least mean square based emotion classifier is proposed. The rigorous training and testing of the proposed classifier was performed on a benchmark video stimuli based EEG signal dataset. Moreover, the performance of the proposed classifier is also compared with the classical and most employed approach. Results prove that [...]

In this paper, we propose and experimentally evaluate a novel automatic network failure recovery mechanism based on Software Defined Networking (SDN). We demonstrate the introduction of services in this network with a reserve controller. The implemented architecture is setup to enable an efficient failure recovery mechanism in a way, in which reserve controller executes only in case of a main controller failure. Upon failure, the main controller automatically shifts control to the reserve controller for performing the computations of server load balancing and automatic bandwidth allocation until the main controller failure gets resolved. Experimented results show the estimated failure recovery [...]

This paper presents a simple feed network design approach for reducing the side lobe level. To prove the results, a micro-strip array antenna is formed with electrically-thin substrate over a single layer to give a cost-effective answer for automotive applications. The substrate is RT-Droid dielectric constant. Array feed network is design with an equal power divider for four element array and extend it to 8 elements array. Results demonstrated that this simple design lowers the side lobe level more then -22dB to -24.5dB depend upon the number of array element. The simulation is done on CST microwave studio software. [...]

This paper presents printed antenna with multiband characteristics for mobile handset applications. The antenna operates for the frequency bands of 700 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1575 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2400 MHz, 2500 MHz and 2700 MHz for GPS, GSM, DCS, PCS and LTE applications with S11 = - 6 dB matching criteria (VSWR 3:1). The Antenna consists of driven monopole with branch lines. By properly controlling the dimensions of each slot and length of elements, desired frequencies are achieved with good radiation characteristics. The desired operating bands are achieved in a compact area of 15 [...]

Software defined networks decouples or separate control and data planes from each other while providing great amount of flexibility to the network administrators to program and manage the network and to make it functional as needed or required. High availability of controllers or distributed controllers is needed to provide fault tolerance in an environment where delays or losses in the delivery of packets cannot be tolerated. In this paper we conducted experiments of multiple controllers which provide fault tolerance in such a way that each controller has full state of information of the network topology. The throughput results for a [...]

In this paper, an implementation of different Queuing mechanisms over MPLS network for QoS of VOIP. Voice over Internet Protocol is a technology for delivery of telephone calls and other voice communication over the internet, involving the conversion of analog voice signals to digital form. To improve QoS of VOIP; different queuing mechanisms (FIFO, WFQ, CBWFQ, and LLQ) are used over MPLS network. Lan Traffic V2 (software testing tool) used to generate traffic over an MPLS network. The results gathered from the analysis on Wireshark shows that queuing mechanisms (FIFO, WFQ, CBWFQ, and LLQ) have a significant impact on QoS [...]

These days we have seen that data has been generated in very huge amounts which requires recovery services. Cloud computing provides a huge platform for sharing the data on many places. It introduces a lot of services like infrastructure as a service (IaaS) that provides virtual and physical resources, software as a service (SaaS) which delivers software that provides remote accessibility for consumers over the Internet, platform as a service (PaaS) that delivers computing tracks mostly includes in programming languages and operating systems and network as a service (NaaS) that provides actual network transport data connectivity services. Now we have [...]

Sensor network is collection of huge number of sensor nodes to capture and monitor the physical sensing capabilities such as temperature, sound, light, humidity, pressure, etc. At the Present sensor networks supposed to be active and pre-programmed devices that can continuously forward data to the central storage location for analysis and to performing oine queries. For such tremendously growing data from sensors, prevailing tools and methods are required to process data eciently and accurately instantly; otherwise the response time of data processing will be too much annoying. To overcome this challenge, an aggregation model was designed to improve query response [...]

Accurate and realistic electricity demand projection has attained greatest ever importance in overall energy planning. Various methods are found in the literature for electricity demand forecasting ranging from econometric models to statistical tools and the energy models. The demand of electricity in the country has increased along with the number of electricity consumers in Pakistan over last 2-3 decades. However, the countrys energy and power departments capacity to rationally forecast electricity demand and subsequent planning as well as the implementation of developed strategies has not delivered to meet the demand. This paper examines the long-term electricity demand forecasting approaches and [...]

Significant role is played by traction control system (TCS) in road vehicles, because slip occurs during driving on wet road or snowy surface. However, it is very dangerous to drive on the icy or snowy road without traction control system, because in that condition the vehicle can lose its path. In such condition, to control a vehicle is very difficult task for drivers. Drivers can regulate easily the traction torque of vehicle driving on difficult surface by using TC system. It also makes our journey safe. Owing to such system high way automation system can be made safer. In high [...]

This paper presents a human motion based electromagnetic energy harvester for bio-medical devices. This harvester is composed of a Teflon tube, cylindrical magnets, rubber spring and wound coils. The developed energy harvester is tested on an experimental setup which has been developed to test power generation capability of the device with the vibration shaker at 3 g acceleration level. The combined open circuit maximum voltage of 4140 mV is generated by the harvester at 19 Hz and 3 g. Moreover, the harvester produced an optimum load power of 1.89 mW at a load resistance of 25 W and successfully [...]

multi-mode vibration based electromagnetic type energy harvester has been illustrated in this work. The harvester consists of two planar movable coils (PMCs), acrylic spacers and permanent magnets placed on a membrane (latex). Fabrication and experimentation of the prototype is presented. The PMC and acrylic spacers are fabricated through computer numerical control (CNC) machine. The prototype is characterized at a frequency sweep of 5-200 Hz under various acceleration levels. The device has three resonant frequencies of 73 Hz, 100 Hz and 123 Hz at relatively higher acceleration level of 3 g. Single PMC of the prototype at resonant frequency (first) of [...]

This paper analyzes the performance of MMSE channel estimation in multiuser massive MIMO system under the Log-Normal shadowing. In this system, there are K number of decentralized User Equipment (UE) with single antenna and large number of antennas at the base station (BS). Pilot symbols are utilized for time division duplex (TDD) channel estimation. Performance of MMSE channel estimation of two existing algorithms is analyzed at different values of power pathloss, at different number of users, and at different number of antennas at the BS in the system. Results show that the performance of channel estimation degrades with the increase [...]

Current era of advancement in microelectroniccommunication and networking has inspired researchers to analyse, design and develop cost effective integrated sensing, computing and communicating through Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). WSN is a group of lowpowered, tiny devices capable to sense the environment, gather and process that sensed data and communicating with each other to achieve certain results of common tasks. In this paper, the results and models of experiments supported and using the Wireless sensor equipment with distances extending from 80m to 100m are presented. The results illustrate that Short distance wireless sensor networks (SDWSN) are conceivable and the distance affect [...]

Music is part of art when it comes to recreation entertainment or it can be considered as the source of therapeutic medium. The music is grouped in different genres, the most common way to differentiate among these genres is to label an artist or song as belonging to a specific genre, like classical, pop, folk, ghazal, bhangra, rock, Noha, Naat/Hamd and many others. However, prediction of user mood such as positive, negative, energetic, sleepy by analyzing their music genres specifically for Indian and Pakistani songs is still a key issue. One of the most common way to get peoples likes [...]

Music genre is a conventional category that identifies some piece of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions characterized by similarities in form, style or subject matter. Traditional method of genre classification tends to extract features and use them to predict labels. These features are independent of each other and do not provide meaning to music genre classification process. In order to achieve semantic meaning of features, feed-forward neural network model with stochastic gradients descent and back propagation algorithm with the categorical cross entropy loss function is investigated in this paper. The main objective is to [...]

Sentiment Classification is the process of exploring sentiments, emotions, opinions and facts in the sentences which are expressed by the people. Machine learning techniques and Lexicon based techniques are mostly used in sentiment classification to predicate sentiments from customers reviews and comments. In this paper, we aim to classify movie reviews in positive and negative classes by using Naive Bayes classifier (Machine Learning algorithm). Experimental results shows that accuracy of Naive Bayes classifier on large movie reviews dataset is 86.8%. [...]

In regards of smart and efficient energy management, many think that standby mode is purely the solution in reducing the electrical usage. However, the standby mode of electrical appliances is also among one of the main factors that contributes to the electrical wastage as the appliances still consume electrical energy during the standby operation. This research mainly focuses on creating a Fuzzy Expert System (FES) with a combination of image processing that minimizes the standby mode or phantom load and to evaluate the performance of the created dummy load system based Prototype. Applying the results of this research, the standby [...]